Herniated Disc (Bulging Disc or Slipped Disc)

This occurs when the soft inner material of a spinal disc pushes through its outer shell, potentially compressing nearby nerves and causing pain.

Degenerative Disc Disease

Over time, the discs between the vertebrae can lose their cushioning ability due to wear and tear, leading to pain and decreased flexibility.

Spinal Stenosis

The narrowing of the spinal canal or foramina (the openings where nerves exit the spine) can put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, causing pain, numbness, and weakness.

Spondylolisthesis

This condition involves one vertebra slipping forward over another, potentially pinching nerves and causing lower back pain and radiating leg pain.

Sciatica

Often caused by a herniated disc or other spinal conditions, sciatica is characterized by pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, typically down the back of the leg.

Spinal Fractures

Fractures in the vertebrae can result from trauma, osteoporosis, or other conditions, causing pain and potentially affecting spinal stability.

Spinal Curvature Disorders

Conditions like scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine) and kyphosis (excessive forward curvature of the upper back) can lead to pain, posture problems, and reduced mobility.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

An inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility.

Spinal Cord Injuries

Trauma to the spinal cord can result in partial or complete paralysis, depending on the severity and location of the injury.

Muscle Strains and Sprains

Overexertion or sudden movements can cause muscle strains or ligament sprains, leading to localized pain and discomfort.

Radiculopathy

This refers to a pinched nerve in the spine, often caused by herniated discs or spinal stenosis, resulting in pain, numbness, and weakness along the nerve's pathway.

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A rare but serious condition in which the bundle of nerves at the base of the spinal cord is compressed, leading to potential loss of bowel and bladder control and leg weakness.
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